Encyclopedia / Goldfish & Coldwater / Nine-spined stickleback
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Variations

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Nine-spined stickleback

Pungitius pungitius · Ninespine stickleback, Nine spine stickleback

Territorial in spring; best in cool tanks.

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6 cmAdult size
4–20 °CTemperature
6.5–8.5pH
50 LSmallest tank
Not recommended
  • They need different temperatures (4–20 °C vs 21–25 °C). No setting suits both.
Not recommended
  • Nine-spined stickleback needs cool water and makes a lot of waste, while Cardinal tetra is tropical.
  • They need different temperatures (4–20 °C vs 23–29 °C). No setting suits both.
Not recommended
  • Nine-spined stickleback needs cool water and makes a lot of waste, while Serpae tetra is tropical.
  • They need different temperatures (4–20 °C vs 22–27 °C). No setting suits both.
With conditions
  • Only a narrow temperature range suits both: exactly 20 °C.
With conditions
  • Only a narrow temperature range suits both: exactly 20 °C.
Compatible
Compatible
Compatible
Compatible
Compatible

75 species in our list are a good match.

Starter facts, waiting for expert review. Sources are added as each fact is checked.

Care and water

Hardness Unknown
Group size 4 or more
Temperament Semi-aggressive
Swims at Middle
Care level Moderate
Diet Carnivore
Lifespan 3–5 years
Size in shops 3–5 cm
Growth Medium

Behavior

Territorial in spring; best in cool tanks.

  • cool

Food

Frozen foods, small live foods.

Tap a food to see what it is.

Male or female

MaleDarker in spring
FemaleSilver
TipMales turn dark in breeding season
How hard to tellHard

Health

Common problems. Tap one to see the signs. This is a guide, not a diagnosis.

Breeding

Nest spawner · Moderate

Nest builder.

Pairing

Group in spring.

Setup

Cool planted tank.

What starts it

Spring warming.

Eggs

Dozens of eggs.

Raising the fry

Fry take infusoria.

Common mistakes
  • Warm water
Full breeding guide, day-by-day plan and simulator →

Where it lives in the wild

RegionNorthern Hemisphere – northern Europe, Asia and North America
Rivers and lakesRivers, lakes and coastal waters across the subarctic
HabitatWeedy ponds, ditches, lakes and coastal waters
Native rangeAbout 6,000 km across
See it on the world map

The story of the nine-spined stickleback

A smaller stickleback with nine spines from northern Europe and North America. Rarely sold.

Linnaeus described this fish in 1758 as Gasterosteus pungitius. It is a small stickleback with nine or so small spines along its back. Males build nests among plants.

First described by Carl Linnaeus in 1758. Named for 'pungitius' means 'pricking'.

  • It usually has between seven and twelve dorsal spines.
  • Males turn black during the breeding season.
  • It lives across the subarctic regions of three continents.