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Encyclopedia / Oddballs & Predators / African leaffish
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Variations

1 kinds · tap one for a closer look

African leaffish

Polycentropsis abbreviata · African leaf fish, Guinean leaffish, Polycentropsis

Will eat tiny fish and shrimp; keep with calm fish too large to eat.

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8 cmBody length, without tail ✓
26–31 °CTemperature ✓
6–6.5pH ✓
68 LSmallest tank ✓
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✕Not recommended
  • African leaffish eats animals up to about 3 cm. Neon tetra only grows to 2.5 cm.
  • They need different temperatures (26–31 °C vs 21–25 °C). No setting suits both.
✕Not recommended
  • African leaffish eats animals up to about 3 cm. Cardinal tetra only grows to 3 cm.
✕Not recommended
  • African leaffish eats animals up to about 3 cm. Ember tetra only grows to 2 cm.
!With conditions
  • Only a narrow temperature range suits both: exactly 26 °C.
!With conditions
  • Only a narrow temperature range suits both: 26–27 °C.
✓Compatible
✓Compatible
✓Compatible
✓Compatible
✓Compatible

126 species in our list are a good match.

Facts checked against sources on 16 Oct 2026. ✓ means a source backs it; ? means no reliable source yet. See sources

Care and water

Hardness ✓1–10 dGH
Group size ?Can live alone
Temperament ?Semi-aggressive
Swims at ?Middle
Care level ✓Hard
Diet Carnivore
Lifespan ?Unknown
Size in shops 3–5 cm
Growth Medium

Behavior

Will eat tiny fish and shrimp; keep with calm fish too large to eat.

Food

Live foods first; some accept frozen foods.

Tap a food to see what it is.

Male or female

Hard to sex. Females are said to have a curved belly line that is straight in males (Baensch, unconfirmed); the female turns paler when spawning.

Health

Common problems. Tap one to see the signs. This is a guide, not a diagnosis.

Breeding

Bubble-nester · Hard

Bubble-nester, rarely bred: the male builds one or more bubble nests among surface plants, and the pair spawns into the nest. Remove the parents after hatching, or they may eat the fry.

Pairing

A pair in a quiet tank.

Setup

80 L planted tank with leaf litter and floating plants.

What starts it

Warm water and live foods.

Eggs

Over 100 eggs in the bubble nest; they hatch in 48-72 hours, and the fry need live food such as brine shrimp nauplii from birth.

Raising the fry

Fry feed on live brine shrimp.

Common mistakes
  • Feeding dead food only
  • Housing with active fish
Full breeding guide, day-by-day plan and simulator →

Where it lives in the wild

West African rainforest streamsLoading the map…
Native range (rough area)Centre of the rangePlaces on the World Map
RegionWest & Central Africa – Nigeria, Cameroon & Gabon
Rivers and lakesNiger Delta to the Ogooué basin
HabitatSwampy, densely vegetated forest waters
Native rangeAbout 700 km across
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The story of the african leaffish

A West African leaffish camouflaged as a dead leaf. It can change colour to match its surroundings, stalks prey head-down, and is flighty and nervous.

Belgian-British zoologist George Boulenger described this leaffish in 1901. It is the only African member of its family, a shy hunter that looks like a drifting leaf.

First described by George A. Boulenger in 1901. Named for 'Abbreviata' means shortened.

  • It is the only species in its genus, Polycentropsis.
  • Males build a bubble nest under floating leaves.
  • Its closest relatives live in South America.

Sources

16 facts checked with sources

  • Scientific name

    Only species in its genus.

    Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: genus Polycentropsis · FishBase: Polycentropsis abbreviata summary
  • Familycorrected

    Legacy has no family. Older West African literature (e.g. Teugels 2003, FishBase main reference) placed it in Nandidae; current placement is Polycentridae.

    Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: genus Polycentropsis · FishBase: Polycentropsis abbreviata summary
  • Size

    Seriously Fish 8 cm SL (larger, used); FishBase 6.7 cm SL and 8.0 cm TL.

    Seriously Fish: Polycentropsis abbreviata · FishBase: Polycentropsis abbreviata summary
  • Temperaturecorrected

    Both sources start at 26; legacy 24 is too cool. Seriously Fish preferred.

    Seriously Fish: Polycentropsis abbreviata · FishBase: Polycentropsis abbreviata summary
  • pHcorrected

    Sources agree; legacy upper 7.5 too high.

    Seriously Fish: Polycentropsis abbreviata · FishBase: Polycentropsis abbreviata summary
  • Hardnesscorrected

    Legacy has no hardness. Seriously Fish (preferred) 1-10.

    Seriously Fish: Polycentropsis abbreviata · FishBase: Polycentropsis abbreviata summary
  • Smallest tankcorrected

    60 x 38 cm base x 30 cm height = 68.4 L. Legacy 80 L is more generous.

    Seriously Fish: Polycentropsis abbreviata
  • Group size

    No minimum group given; can be kept singly, as a pair or a small group.

    Seriously Fish: Polycentropsis abbreviata
  • Temperament

    Predator but not aggressive; no source gives a rating in substance.

    Seriously Fish: Polycentropsis abbreviata
  • Swimming level

    No source names a swimming level.

    Seriously Fish: Polycentropsis abbreviata
  • Care levelSeriously Fish: Polycentropsis abbreviata
  • Where it livescorrected

    Legacy has no range field.

    FishBase: Polycentropsis abbreviata summary · Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: genus Polycentropsis
  • Male or femalecorrected

    Legacy fin-shape cue is not supported.

    Seriously Fish: Polycentropsis abbreviata
  • Breedingcorrected

    Legacy hedges "bubble-nest or egg-attacher"; the source says bubble-nester.

    Seriously Fish: Polycentropsis abbreviata
  • Eggs and young

    Legacy 50-150 is consistent with "over 100".

    Seriously Fish: Polycentropsis abbreviata
  • StorySeriously Fish: Polycentropsis abbreviata