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Encyclopedia / Oddballs & Predators / Black arowana
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Variations

1 kinds · tap one for a closer look

Black arowana

Osteoglossum ferreirai · Ferreirai

A big jumper that eats small fish, so keep it with larger, calm companions such as large cichlids or catfish.

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90 cmAdult size ✓
24–30 °CTemperature ✓
6–7.2pH ✓
4500 LSmallest tank ✓
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This one is best kept on its own, or with its own kind.

✕Not recommended
  • Black arowana should be kept without other species.
  • Only a narrow temperature range suits both: 24–25 °C.
✕Not recommended
  • Black arowana should be kept without other species.
✕Not recommended
  • Black arowana should be kept without other species.
Facts checked against sources on 16 Oct 2026. ✓ means a source backs it; ? means no reliable source yet. See sources

Care and water

Hardness ✓3–10 dGH
Group size ✓Can live alone
Temperament ✓Semi-aggressive
Swims at ✓Top
Care level ✓Hard
Diet Carnivore
Lifespan ?Unknown
Size in shops 8–15 cm
Growth Fast

Behavior

A big jumper that eats small fish, so keep it with larger, calm companions such as large cichlids or catfish. Needs a very tight lid.

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Food

Pellets, insects, shrimp and earthworms; live fish are not needed.

Tap a food to see what it is.

Male or female

From subadult size (about 40-50 cm) males show a thick, fleshy lower lip that juts over the upper lip; females may grow larger.

Health

Common problems. Tap one to see the signs. This is a guide, not a diagnosis.

Breeding

Mouthbrooder (male) ·

Paternal mouthbrooder: females spawn in the high-water season and the male broods the eggs and then the young. Captive breeding is done in large outdoor ponds and is less common than for the silver arowana.

Pairing

Raise a group of juveniles and wait for a natural pair.

Setup

Very large tank or pond, soft blackwater, a secure lid.

What starts it

Seasonal changes in water.

Eggs

Up to about 210 large eggs per season (pond spawns of 15-30 cherry-sized eggs reported); the male holds the eggs about 4 weeks and the larvae another 3-4 weeks, releasing young at about 7 cm.

Raising the fry

Fry hatch big and are fed live foods and chopped worms.

Common mistakes
  • Using hard water
  • Open tank with no lid
Full breeding guide, day-by-day plan and simulator →

Where it lives in the wild

Amazon RiverRio NegroMagdalena and AtratoLoading the map…
Native range (rough area)Centre of the rangePlaces on the World Map
RegionRio Negro basin – Brazil, Colombia and Venezuela
Rivers and lakesRio Negro and its tributaries
HabitatFlooded forests and blackwater rivers
Native rangeAbout 700 km across
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The story of the black arowana

A close relative of the silver arowana from the blackwater Rio Negro basin. Juveniles are black with yellow markings along the body, head and tail; from about 15 cm these fade and adults turn dark steel-grey to blue with yellow and red fin edges, looking much like silver arowanas.

Robert Kanazawa described this arowana in 1966. Juveniles are black with a yellow stripe, while adults are grey-silver. It is a surface hunter.

First described by Robert H. Kanazawa in 1966.

  • Juveniles have black bodies with a yellow stripe.
  • It can leap out of water to catch prey.
  • Males brood eggs in their mouths.

Sources

16 facts checked with sources

  • Scientific name

    Adults closely resemble the silver arowana (O. bicirrhosum) and are separated by meristics; juveniles are distinctive.

    FishBase: Osteoglossum ferreirai summary
  • Familycorrected

    Legacy has no family.

    FishBase: Osteoglossum ferreirai summary
  • Sizecorrected

    TL. No Seriously Fish profile. size-pick: 90 cm TL (FishBase) kept; the 1.2 m figure is only "reports" cited by Wikipedia from Olivares et al. 2013. Fishipedia claims aquarium fish easily exceed 1 m, unsourced.

    FishBase: Osteoglossum ferreirai summary · Wikipedia: Black arowana (cites FishBase, IUCN and Olivares et al. 2013, Conserv. Genet. 14:695-703)
  • TemperatureFishBase: Osteoglossum ferreirai summary · Fishipedia: Osteoglossum ferreirai (arowana noir)
  • pHcorrected

    Hobby reference only (no Seriously Fish profile). Soft, acidic blackwater species.

    Fishipedia: Osteoglossum ferreirai (arowana noir)
  • Hardnesscorrected

    Legacy has no hardness. Hobby reference only.

    Fishipedia: Osteoglossum ferreirai (arowana noir)
  • Smallest tankcorrected

    Fishipedia (hobby reference) recommends at least 4,500 L with a 5 m front. No Seriously Fish footprint available.

    Fishipedia: Osteoglossum ferreirai (arowana noir)
  • Group sizeFishipedia: Osteoglossum ferreirai (arowana noir)
  • Temperamentcorrected

    Fishipedia: fairly calm, only "slightly aggressive", but a predator of anything that fits in its mouth; males can fight each other.

    Fishipedia: Osteoglossum ferreirai (arowana noir)
  • Swimming levelWikipedia: Black arowana (cites FishBase, IUCN and Olivares et al. 2013, Conserv. Genet. 14:695-703) · Fishipedia: Osteoglossum ferreirai (arowana noir)
  • Care levelFishipedia: Osteoglossum ferreirai (arowana noir)
  • Where it livescorrected

    Legacy has no range field (story mentions the Rio Negro).

    FishBase: Osteoglossum ferreirai summary · Wikipedia: Black arowana (cites FishBase, IUCN and Olivares et al. 2013, Conserv. Genet. 14:695-703)
  • Male or femalecorrected

    Hobby reference only. Consistent with legacy "longer lower jaw" but sexing is possible by eye in subadults.

    Fishipedia: Osteoglossum ferreirai (arowana noir)
  • Breedingcorrected

    "Not commonly bred outside Brazil" not supported; no source says where farmed fish come from. Trade fish are often from Colombia (not confirmed here).

    Wikipedia: Black arowana (cites FishBase, IUCN and Olivares et al. 2013, Conserv. Genet. 14:695-703) · FishBase: Osteoglossum ferreirai summary · Fishipedia: Osteoglossum ferreirai (arowana noir)
  • Eggs and young

    Brooding time of about 7-8 weeks agrees with legacy 6-8 weeks. Egg count per spawn is from a hobby reference.

    Wikipedia: Black arowana (cites FishBase, IUCN and Olivares et al. 2013, Conserv. Genet. 14:695-703) · Fishipedia: Osteoglossum ferreirai (arowana noir)
  • Story

    Confirmed. IUCN Least Concern (2023 assessment per Wikipedia). No CITES listing (FishBase: Not Evaluated); legacy export note not sourced, so no traits.legal.

    Wikipedia: Black arowana (cites FishBase, IUCN and Olivares et al. 2013, Conserv. Genet. 14:695-703) · FishBase: Osteoglossum ferreirai summary