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Encyclopedia / Rainbowfish / Dwarf rainbowfish
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Variations

3 kinds · tap one for a closer look

Dwarf rainbowfish

Melanotaenia maccullochi · Maccullochi, Mcculloch's rainbowfish, Dwarf australian rainbow

Peaceful and active; keep in a group of 6 or more with other small peaceful fish.

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· real AED shop prices, never conversions
7 cmBody length, without tail ✓
22–28 °CTemperature ✓
6.5–8pH ✓
54 LSmallest tank ✓
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Tank mates
Check your own mix →
✕Not recommended
  • White cloud mountain minnow needs cool water and makes a lot of waste, while Dwarf rainbowfish is tropical.
  • Only a narrow temperature range suits both: exactly 22 °C.
✕Not recommended
  • Giant gourami eats animals up to about 10 cm. Dwarf rainbowfish only grows to 7 cm.
✕Not recommended
  • Oscar eats animals up to about 12 cm. Dwarf rainbowfish only grows to 7 cm.
!With conditions
  • Only a narrow temperature range suits both: exactly 22 °C.
!With conditions
  • Only a narrow temperature range suits both: 27–28 °C.
✓Compatible
✓Compatible
✓Compatible
✓Compatible
✓Compatible

392 species in our list are a good match.

Facts checked against sources on 16 Oct 2026. ✓ means a source backs it; ? means no reliable source yet. See sources

Care and water

Hardness ✓8–15 dGH
Group size ✓6 or more
Temperament ✓Peaceful
Swims at ?Top
Care level ✓Easy
Diet Omnivore
Lifespan ?Unknown
Size in shops 3–5 cm
Growth Medium

Behavior

Peaceful and active; keep in a group of 6 or more with other small peaceful fish.

Food

Flakes, micro pellets, frozen foods and small live foods.

Tap a food to see what it is.

Male or female

Mature males are more colourful, with orange to red fins and longer dorsal and anal fins; females are the deeper-bodied sex.

Health

Common problems. Tap one to see the signs. This is a guide, not a diagnosis.

Breeding

Egg-scatterer (spawning mops) · Easy

Egg scatterer that spawns daily for several weeks into plants or mops; adults tend not to eat the eggs.

Pairing

A group of 6 or more.

Setup

A 60 L planted tank with spawning mops.

What starts it

Warm water and live food.

Eggs

About 150-200 eggs in total per female; laid in daily batches; eggs hatch in 7-12 days depending on temperature.

Raising the fry

Feed infusoria, then baby brine shrimp.

Common mistakes
  • Keeping too few fish so spawning does not start
  • Eggs eaten by adults
  • Cold or dirty water
Full breeding guide, day-by-day plan and simulator →

Where it lives in the wild

West African rainforest streamsRainbowfish riversLoading the map…
Native range (rough area)Centre of the rangePlaces on the World Map
RegionNorth-eastern Queensland, Australia, and southern New Guinea
Rivers and lakesCoastal streams around Cairns, Cape York rivers and the Fly River region
HabitatVegetated swamps, lagoons and slow streams
Native rangeAbout 800 km across
Open on the World Map

The story of the dwarf rainbowfish

A small rainbowfish from coastal northeastern Queensland, Australia, suited to a 60 cm tank.

Douglas Ogilby described the dwarf rainbowfish in 1915 and named it after his colleague Allan McCulloch. It has a long history in aquariums and was among the first rainbowfishes widely kept. At about 6 cm it suits community tanks well.

First described by J. Douglas Ogilby in 1915. Named for Named after Australian ichthyologist Allan R. McCulloch.

  • It is among the smallest Melanotaenia rainbowfishes, usually under 7 cm.
  • Several fine red-brown stripes run along its silvery sides.
  • It was one of the earliest rainbowfishes kept by aquarists.

Sources

15 facts checked with sources

  • Scientific name

    Hammer et al. 2019 split the 'M. maccullochi' complex: M. maccullochi s.s. (Cairns region), M. sahulensis (incl. the 'Skull Creek' aquarium form, Cape York, plus southern New Guinea) and M. wilsoni (Northern Territory). Legacy variant 'Skull Creek, PNG form' is wrong on both counts: Skull Creek is on Cape York, Queensland, and those fish are now M. sahulensis. 'Harvey Creek' (near Cairns) fits M. maccullochi s.s.

    Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: genus Melanotaenia · Hammer et al. 2019, Two new species of dwarf rainbowfishes, Zootaxa 4701(3): Figure 9 (Zenodo)
  • Familycorrected

    Legacy has no family; recorded as sourced.

    FishBase: Melanotaenia maccullochi summary · Seriously Fish: Melanotaenia maccullochi
  • Size

    SL.

    Seriously Fish: Melanotaenia maccullochi · FishBase: Melanotaenia maccullochi summary
  • Temperature

    Inside Seriously Fish range.

    Seriously Fish: Melanotaenia maccullochi · FishBase: Melanotaenia maccullochi summary
  • pH

    Wild fish of the Cairns region live in clear, acidic water (pH 5.5-7).

    Seriously Fish: Melanotaenia maccullochi · FishBase: Melanotaenia maccullochi summary
  • Hardnesscorrected

    Legacy has none.

    Seriously Fish: Melanotaenia maccullochi
  • Smallest tankcorrected

    60 x 30 x 30 cm = 54 L (Seriously Fish figure). Legacy 80 L is generous but not sourced.

    Seriously Fish: Melanotaenia maccullochi
  • Group sizeSeriously Fish: Melanotaenia maccullochi
  • TemperamentSeriously Fish: Melanotaenia maccullochi
  • Care levelSeriously Fish: Melanotaenia maccullochi
  • Where it livescorrected

    Seriously Fish (2012) still says Papua New Guinea and Australia; since Hammer et al. 2019 the New Guinea and Cape York fish are M. sahulensis.

    Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: genus Melanotaenia · FishBase: Melanotaenia maccullochi summary
  • Male or femalecorrected

    Legacy 'males have a taller back' is contradicted: Seriously Fish says females are deeper-bodied. Red-orange male fins verified.

    Seriously Fish: Melanotaenia maccullochi · FishBase: Melanotaenia maccullochi summary
  • BreedingSeriously Fish: Melanotaenia maccullochi
  • Eggs and youngcorrected

    Legacy 10-30/day not sourced; hatch 7-10 days near the sourced 7-12.

    FishBase: Melanotaenia maccullochi summary · Seriously Fish: Melanotaenia maccullochi
  • Story

    IUCN: Least Concern (2019, via FishBase). Locality forms should not be mixed (Seriously Fish).

    Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: genus Melanotaenia · Seriously Fish: Melanotaenia maccullochi