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Encyclopedia / Oddballs & Predators / Gangetic leaffish
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Variations

1 kinds · tap one for a closer look

Gangetic leaffish

Nandus nandus · Indian leaf fish, Mottled nandus, Nandus

Will swallow any fish that fits in its mouth; keep alone or with bigger fish.

Local price coming soon
· real AED shop prices, never conversions
20 cmAdult size ✓
22–26 °CTemperature ✓
6.5–7.5pH ✓
UnknownSmallest tank ?
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✕Not recommended
  • Gangetic leaffish eats animals up to about 10 cm. Neon tetra only grows to 2.5 cm.
✕Not recommended
  • Gangetic leaffish eats animals up to about 10 cm. Cardinal tetra only grows to 3 cm.
✕Not recommended
  • Gangetic leaffish eats animals up to about 10 cm. Black neon tetra only grows to 3.2 cm.
!With conditions
  • Only a narrow temperature range suits both: exactly 26 °C.
!With conditions
  • Rift lake cichlids like peacock cichlid need hard, alkaline water and a busy, cichlid-only tank.
  • Only a narrow pH range suits both: exactly 7.5.
✓Compatible
✓Compatible
✓Compatible
✓Compatible
✓Compatible

165 species in our list are a good match.

Facts checked against sources on 16 Oct 2026. ✓ means a source backs it; ? means no reliable source yet. See sources

Care and water

Hardness ✓6–8 dGH
Group size ?Can live alone
Temperament ?Semi-aggressive
Swims at ?Middle
Care level ?Moderate
Diet Carnivore
Lifespan ?Unknown
Size in shops 4–8 cm
Growth Medium

Behavior

Will swallow any fish that fits in its mouth; keep alone or with bigger fish.

Food

Live fish and shrimp, then frozen fish and prawns.

Tap a food to see what it is.

Male or female

MaleMales are slimmer with brighter body colour
FemalePlumper
TipHard to tell; females fill with eggs
How hard to tellHard

Health

Common problems. Tap one to see the signs. This is a guide, not a diagnosis.

Breeding

Egg-guarder · Hard

Egg-layer that attaches eggs to plants.

Pairing

A pair in a large planted tank.

Setup

200 L planted tank with floating plants and cave.

What starts it

Warm water and live food.

Eggs

Up to about 300 eggs.

Raising the fry

Baby brine shrimp then small live fish.

Common mistakes
  • Housing with small fish
Full breeding guide, day-by-day plan and simulator →

Where it lives in the wild

Ganges and BrahmaputraLoading the map…
Native range (rough area)Centre of the rangePlaces on the World Map
RegionSouth Asia – India, Bangladesh, Nepal & Pakistan
Rivers and lakesGanges and Brahmaputra basins
HabitatWeedy ponds, ditches and slow rivers
Native rangeAbout 1,500 km across
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The story of the gangetic leaffish

An Asian leaffish of still and sluggish waters, ditches and flooded fields from Pakistan to Thailand and Malaysia. It hunts aquatic insects and small fish, and is also a highly prized food fish.

Francis Buchanan-Hamilton described this leaffish in 1822. It is a patient ambush predator that drifts like a leaf before snapping up small fish.

First described by Francis Buchanan-Hamilton in 1822.

  • It can extend its mouth forward to catch prey.
  • It is eaten as a food fish in parts of South Asia.
  • Its mottled brown colours change to match its background.

Sources

12 facts checked with sources

  • Scientific name

    Synonyms: Coius nandus Hamilton 1822, Nandus marmoratus Valenciennes 1831, Bedula hamiltonii Gray 1835. No Seriously Fish profile exists.

    Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Nandus nandus · FishBase: Nandus nandus summary
  • Familycorrected

    Legacy has no family. Order Anabantiformes; not related to the South American/African Polycentridae.

    Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Nandus nandus · FishBase: Nandus nandus summary
  • Size

    TL (total length), FishBase (Talwar & Jhingran 1991). Matures at about 9.1 cm.

    FishBase: Nandus nandus summary
  • Temperaturecorrected

    Only FishBase (aquarium ref. 1672) gives a range; legacy upper 28 not supported.

    FishBase: Nandus nandus summary
  • pHcorrected

    Legacy upper 8.0 not supported.

    FishBase: Nandus nandus summary
  • Hardnesscorrected

    Legacy has no hardness.

    FishBase: Nandus nandus summary
  • Lifespan

    FishBase gives only a modelled generation time, not a lifespan.

    FishBase: Nandus nandus summary
  • Temperament

    Predatory; no source rates aggression.

    FishBase: Nandus nandus summary
  • Swimming level

    No source names a swimming level.

    FishBase: Nandus nandus summary
  • Where it livescorrected

    Legacy has no range field.

    Eschmeyer's Catalog of Fishes: Nandus nandus · FishBase: Nandus nandus summary
  • Eggs and young

    Legacy "hundreds of eggs" agrees.

    FishBase: Nandus nandus summary
  • Story

    Legacy "swamps and rice fields" matches inundated fields and ditches.

    FishBase: Nandus nandus summary · Wikipedia: Nandus nandus (cites IUCN)