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Encyclopedia / Catfish & Plecos / Leopard cactus pleco
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Variations

1 kinds · tap one for a closer look

Leopard cactus pleco

Pseudacanthicus sp. (L114) · Pseudacanthicus leopardus, L114, L 114, L-114, Cactus pleco

Semi-aggressive towards other plecos; will eat small fish and shrimp.

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· real AED shop prices, never conversions
25 cmBody length, without tail ✓
24–30 °CTemperature ✓
6–7.5pH ✓
648 LSmallest tank ✓
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Tank mates
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✕Not recommended
  • Leopard cactus pleco eats animals up to about 8 cm. Neon tetra only grows to 2.5 cm.
  • Only a narrow temperature range suits both: 24–25 °C.
✕Not recommended
  • Leopard cactus pleco eats animals up to about 8 cm. Cardinal tetra only grows to 3 cm.
✕Not recommended
  • Leopard cactus pleco eats animals up to about 8 cm. Black neon tetra only grows to 3.2 cm.
!With conditions
  • Only a narrow temperature range suits both: exactly 24 °C.
!With conditions
  • Only a narrow temperature range suits both: 24–25 °C.
✓Compatible
✓Compatible
✓Compatible
✓Compatible
✓Compatible

217 species in our list are a good match.

Facts checked against sources on 16 Oct 2026. ✓ means a source backs it; ? means no reliable source yet. See sources

Care and water

Hardness ✓1–15 dGH
Group size ✓Can live alone
Temperament ?Semi-aggressive
Swims at ?Bottom
Care level ✓Moderate
Diet Carnivore
Lifespan ?Unknown
Size in shops 6–12 cm
Growth Slow

Behavior

Semi-aggressive towards other plecos; will eat small fish and shrimp.

  • cave
  • current

Food

Algae wafers, blanched vegetables (courgette, cucumber), and driftwood to rasp; add some frozen or sinking protein.

Tap a food to see what it is.

Male or female

Adult males have a broader head and more odontodes than females, especially on the leading pectoral-fin rays and cheeks (interopercular area).

Health

Common problems. Tap one to see the signs. This is a guide, not a diagnosis.

Breeding

Cave spawner ·

Cave spawner; the male guards the brood. Has been bred in aquaria.

Pairing

Grow out 6-8 juveniles and let a pair form; keep the group in a well-oxygenated, stable tank.

Setup

100-200 L tank with strong flow, many caves sized to the fish (PVC or ceramic tubes), and very clean, warm water.

What starts it

Cool water changes, increased flow and a seasonal drop in temperature, plus rich protein feeding.

Eggs

The male guards a small clutch (5-30 large amber eggs) in the cave for around 5-10 days until they hatch; the fry carry a big yolk sac.

Raising the fry

Fry stay in the cave until the yolk is gone, then feed on sinking algae wafers, blanched veg and crushed flake. Keep nitrate low.

Common mistakes
  • Too few caves
  • Warm, stagnant water
  • Moving the male while he guards eggs
Full breeding guide, day-by-day plan and simulator →

Where it lives in the wild

Amazon RiverGuiana Shield creeksLoading the map…
Native range (rough area)Centre of the rangePlaces on the World Map
RegionSouth America – Guyana & northern Brazil
Rivers and lakesRupununi and Essequibo rivers and the Rio Branco
HabitatRocky river stretches
Native rangeAbout 350 km across
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The story of the leopard cactus pleco

A spiny, spotted cactus pleco from the Rio Negro basin, traded as the 'Demini leopard cactus pleco'. It is still undescribed and may not be true P. leopardus. Grows to about 25 cm and needs a large flowing-river tank.

Henry Weed Fowler described this pleco in 1914 from Guyana, originally in another genus. Known in the hobby as L114, its body is covered in sharp spines and dark leopard spots. It is a powerful omnivore that can become territorial towards other bottom dwellers.

First described by Henry W. Fowler in 1914.

  • Its rough, spiny scutes inspired the 'cactus' part of its name.
  • It eats a lot of meaty food in the aquarium.
  • It can grow to around 25 cm and defends its cave strongly.

Sources

13 facts checked with sources

  • Scientific namecorrected

    L114 is undescribed and has no valid species name; it is traded as Pseudacanthicus cf. leopardus. True P. leopardus (Fowler 1914) is from the Rupununi, Guyana (L600/LDA73). Show as 'Pseudacanthicus sp. L114 (cf. leopardus)'.

    Seriously Fish: Pseudacanthicus cf. leopardus (L114) · Wikipedia: L-number list (compiled from PlanetCatfish Cat-eLog)
  • Familycorrected

    Legacy has no family; genus-level placement applies to L114.

    FishBase: Pseudacanthicus leopardus summary
  • Sizecorrected

    25 cm SL (Seriously Fish). FishBase's 15 cm TL is for true P. leopardus from Guyana, a different fish. Legacy 35 cm is too large.

    Seriously Fish: Pseudacanthicus cf. leopardus (L114)
  • TemperaturecorrectedSeriously Fish: Pseudacanthicus cf. leopardus (L114)
  • pH

    Legacy 6.0-7.5 lies within SF's 5.5-7.5.

    Seriously Fish: Pseudacanthicus cf. leopardus (L114)
  • Hardnesscorrected

    Legacy has none.

    Seriously Fish: Pseudacanthicus cf. leopardus (L114)
  • Smallest tankcorrected

    180 x 60 x 60 cm = 648,000 cm³ = 648 L (SF also states ~648 litres). Legacy 500 L is too small.

    Seriously Fish: Pseudacanthicus cf. leopardus (L114)
  • Group size

    SF difficulty table.

    Seriously Fish: Pseudacanthicus cf. leopardus (L114)
  • Care levelcorrected

    Legacy care 3 (hard). SF rates it moderate but stresses a very large tank.

    Seriously Fish: Pseudacanthicus cf. leopardus (L114)
  • Where it livescorrected

    Legacy 'Amazon basin' is correct but vague.

    Seriously Fish: Pseudacanthicus cf. leopardus (L114)
  • Male or female

    Agrees with legacy 'broader head with odontodes'; 'slimmer body' not stated.

    Seriously Fish: Pseudacanthicus cf. leopardus (L114)
  • BreedingSeriously Fish: Pseudacanthicus cf. leopardus (L114)
  • Storycorrected

    Legacy claim that males aggressively guard territory is not sourced.

    Seriously Fish: Pseudacanthicus cf. leopardus (L114)