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Encyclopedia / Cichlids / Panda dwarf cichlid
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Variations

1 kinds · tap one for a closer look

Panda dwarf cichlid

Apistogramma nijsseni · Panda apisto, Nijsseni, Apisto nijsseni

Peaceful with small tankmates; males compete in small tanks.

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· real AED shop prices, never conversions
3.9 cmBody length, without tail ✓
24–28 °CTemperature ✓
5–6.5pH ✓
54 LSmallest tank ✓
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Tank mates
Check your own mix →
✕Not recommended
  • Tinfoil barb eats animals up to about 5 cm. Panda dwarf cichlid only grows to 3.9 cm.
✕Not recommended
  • White cloud mountain minnow needs cool water and makes a lot of waste, while Panda dwarf cichlid is tropical.
  • They need different temperatures (24–28 °C vs 14–22 °C). No setting suits both.
✕Not recommended
  • Giant gourami eats animals up to about 10 cm. Panda dwarf cichlid only grows to 3.9 cm.
  • Only a narrow pH range suits both: exactly 6.5.
!With conditions
  • Only a narrow temperature range suits both: 24–25 °C.
!With conditions
  • Only a narrow temperature range suits both: exactly 24 °C.
✓Compatible
✓Compatible
✓Compatible
✓Compatible
✓Compatible

224 species in our list are a good match.

Facts checked against sources on 16 Oct 2026. ✓ means a source backs it; ? means no reliable source yet. See sources

Care and water

Hardness ✓0–4 dGH
Group size ?Can live alone
Temperament ✓Peaceful
Swims at ?Middle
Care level ?Hard
Diet Omnivore
Lifespan ?Unknown
Size in shops 3–5 cm
Growth Medium

Behavior

Peaceful with small tankmates; males compete in small tanks.

Food

Frozen bloodworms, daphnia and brine shrimp, small sinking pellets and live baby brine shrimp.

Tap a food to see what it is.

Male or female

Males are larger, more colourful and have longer fins; females are smaller and, when breeding, yellow with black blotches (the 'panda' pattern).

Health

Common problems. Tap one to see the signs. This is a guide, not a diagnosis.

Breeding

Cave spawner (harem) · Hard

Cave spawner: the female guards the eggs in a cave and cares for the fry.

Pairing

Keep one male with 2-4 females; each female claims a cave, pot or coconut shell.

Setup

A 40 L tank with a sponge or gentle filter, fine sand, many small caves, terracotta pots and leaf litter, with soft, slightly acidic water.

What starts it

Soft, slightly acidic water, warmer temperatures, frequent water changes and live or frozen foods.

Eggs

40-80 eggs

Raising the fry

The female guards the wrigglers and then the free-swimming fry; feed microworms and newly hatched brine shrimp from day 4-5.

Common mistakes
  • Too few hiding places
  • Hard, alkaline water
  • Several males in a small tank
Full breeding guide, day-by-day plan and simulator →

Where it lives in the wild

Amazon RiverLoading the map…
Native range (rough area)Centre of the rangePlaces on the World Map
RegionPeru – Amazon basin
Rivers and lakesLower Río Ucayali basin
HabitatShallow forest streams with leaf litter
Native rangeAbout 100 km across
Open on the World Map

The story of the panda dwarf cichlid

A dwarf cichlid known only from black-water tributaries of the Río Ucayali in northern Peru. Trade names: panda dwarf cichlid, Nijssen's dwarf cichlid.

Kullander described this dwarf cichlid in 1979. Brood-guarding females turn yellow with black blotches, giving the name 'panda'. It is a peaceful species from soft, acidic forest waters.

First described by Sven O. Kullander in 1979. Named for Named after Dutch ichthyologist Han Nijssen.

  • Females in breeding colour look like a panda with black patches.
  • Males are bluish with a red-edged tail.
  • It needs soft, acidic water.

Sources

12 facts checked with sources

  • Scientific name

    Valid name (Kullander, 1979) per Seriously Fish and FishBase; DATZ A180. Trade names 'panda dwarf cichlid' and 'Nijssen's dwarf cichlid'. Hobby forums (apistogramma.com) report frequent confusion with the similar A. panduro in the trade; not confirmed by a primary source.

    Seriously Fish: Apistogramma nijsseni
  • Familycorrected

    Legacy has no family field. FishBase: Cichlidae, subfamily Geophaginae (fetch tool summarised the wording).

    FishBase: Apistogramma nijsseni summary
  • Sizecorrected

    Sources disagree sharply. FishBase: max 3.9 cm SL (fetch-tool summary). Seriously Fish lists 8.5 cm SL males / 7.0 cm SL females, which looks implausible for this small species and may be a data error on that page. Per the brief, FishBase is preferred for size; 3.9 cm SL is roughly 5 cm TL, so legacy 6 cm is a little generous. Treat as low confidence.

    Seriously Fish: Apistogramma nijsseni
  • Temperaturecorrected

    Seriously Fish (preferred for husbandry) 24-28°C; FishBase 23-30°C. Legacy 22-27 starts too cool.

    Seriously Fish: Apistogramma nijsseni
  • pHcorrected

    Seriously Fish 5.0-6.5 (FishBase 5.0-5.6). Legacy upper limit 7.0 is too high for this black-water species.

    Seriously Fish: Apistogramma nijsseni
  • Hardnesscorrected

    Legacy has no hardness; Seriously Fish range recorded (FishBase dH up to 5).

    Seriously Fish: Apistogramma nijsseni
  • Smallest tankcorrected

    60 x 30 x 30 cm = 54 L. Legacy 60 L is slightly more generous.

    Seriously Fish: Apistogramma nijsseni
  • Temperament

    Community-suitable; males are territorial towards each other.

    Seriously Fish: Apistogramma nijsseni
  • Where it livescorrected

    Legacy has no range field. FishBase: Carahuayte River drainage, a tributary of the Ucayali; black-water creeks among vegetation. IUCN: Data Deficient (assessed 25 April 2014, per FishBase).

    Seriously Fish: Apistogramma nijsseni
  • Male or female

    Male size and colour verified. The female 'panda' pattern (yellow with black spots) is the source of the trade name but is not described on the pages checked.

    Seriously Fish: Apistogramma nijsseni
  • Breeding

    Matches legacy. FishBase adds that both parents may guard the larvae.

    Seriously Fish: Apistogramma nijsseni · FishBase: Apistogramma nijsseni summary
  • Story

    Peruvian origin verified. 'Vivid blue and red of males' and 'males stay compact' were not quoted in any source; the compact-size point is contested (see adultSizeCm).

    Seriously Fish: Apistogramma nijsseni