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Encyclopedia / African Cichlids / Trewavas' mbuna
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Variations

2 kinds · tap one for a closer look

Trewavas' mbuna

Labeotropheus trewavasae · Labeotropheus, Labeotropheus trewavasae, Trewavasae, Scrapermouth, Ruby red labeotropheus

Highly territorial; best in a large rockwork tank with other mbuna.

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· real AED shop prices, never conversions
11.7 cmAdult size ✓
24–28 °CTemperature ✓
7.8–8.6pH ✓
154 LSmallest tank ✓
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✕Not recommended
  • Trewavas' mbuna is aggressive and will bully peaceful neon tetra.
  • Rift lake cichlids like trewavas' mbuna need hard, alkaline water and a busy, cichlid-only tank.
✕Not recommended
  • Trewavas' mbuna is aggressive and will bully peaceful cardinal tetra.
  • Rift lake cichlids like trewavas' mbuna need hard, alkaline water and a busy, cichlid-only tank.
✕Not recommended
  • Trewavas' mbuna is aggressive and will bully peaceful black neon tetra.
  • Rift lake cichlids like trewavas' mbuna need hard, alkaline water and a busy, cichlid-only tank.
!With conditions
  • Rift lake cichlids like trewavas' mbuna need hard, alkaline water and a busy, cichlid-only tank.
  • Their pH needs don't quite meet (7.8–8.6 vs 5.5–7.5). Aim between the two and keep it steady.
!With conditions
  • Rift lake cichlids like trewavas' mbuna need hard, alkaline water and a busy, cichlid-only tank.
  • Only a narrow pH range suits both: 7.8–8.
✓Compatible
✓Compatible
✓Compatible
✓Compatible
✓Compatible

58 species in our list are a good match.

Facts checked against sources on 16 Oct 2026. ✓ means a source backs it; ? means no reliable source yet. See sources

Care and water

Hardness ✓10–25 dGH
Group size ✓4 or more
Temperament ✓Aggressive
Swims at ?Middle
Care level ✓Moderate
Diet Herbivore
Lifespan ?Unknown
Size in shops 4–8 cm
Growth Medium

Behavior

Highly territorial; best in a large rockwork tank with other mbuna.

  • cave

Food

Algae-based pellets and spirulina flakes; offer vegetable matter and avoid rich protein.

Tap a food to see what it is.

Male or female

Males have clearly defined egg spots on the anal fin; in females these are much fainter or absent. Colour differs by locality form, and some females are orange-blotched.

Health

Common problems. Tap one to see the signs. This is a guide, not a diagnosis.

Breeding

Maternal mouthbrooder (harem) · Moderate

A maternal mouthbrooder, best spawned as a harem of one male and at least 3 females; the female carries the brood for up to 3-4 weeks before releasing free-swimming fry.

Pairing

Keep one male with 3-5 females; a lone female is harassed to exhaustion and two males will fight.

Setup

150-250 L rockwork tank with many caves, hard alkaline water (pH 7.8-8.6) and strong filtration. Keep a bare 60 L tank handy to move a holding female.

What starts it

Stable warm water (26-28 C), regular water changes and a good male-to-female ratio; the male displays and leads a female to a flat rock or cave.

Eggs

10-40 eggs per brood, carried for up to 3-4 weeks.

Raising the fry

The female releases free-swimming fry after 3-4 weeks. Feed finely crushed flake, spirulina powder and newly hatched brine shrimp from day one; do small daily water changes. Remove the female after release so she can recover.

Common mistakes
  • Too few females so the male harasses them
  • Mixing similar-looking mbuna that hybridise
  • Soft or acidic water
Full breeding guide, day-by-day plan and simulator →

Where it lives in the wild

RegionLake Malawi
Rivers and lakesLake Malawi (rocky coasts)
HabitatSteep rocky habitats
Native rangeAbout 300 km across
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The story of the trewavas' mbuna

An algae-scraping mbuna from rocky Lake Malawi shores, with the overhanging fleshy snout shared by all three Labeotropheus species. Described by Fryer in 1956; several colour forms exist.

Fryer described this species in 1956, naming it after Ethelwynn Trewavas, a leading cichlid expert at the British Museum. It has a fleshy overhanging snout for scraping algae. Many colour forms exist around the lake.

First described by Geoffrey Fryer in 1956. Named for Named after British ichthyologist Ethelwynn Trewavas.

  • Its mouth sits under the snout, ideal for grazing flat rock surfaces.
  • It is slimmer than its relative Labeotropheus fuelleborni.
  • Some populations include orange-blotched 'OB' females.

Sources

15 facts checked with sources

  • Scientific name

    Valid name, described by Fryer in 1956. Trade names include scrapermouth mbuna and Trewavas' cichlid.

    FishBase: Labeotropheus trewavasae summary
  • Familycorrected

    Legacy had no family.

    FishBase: Labeotropheus trewavasae summary
  • Sizecorrected

    Legacy 18 cm is far too large. FishBase gives 11.7 cm TL; Seriously Fish 11.3 cm SL.

    FishBase: Labeotropheus trewavasae summary · Seriously Fish: Labeotropheus trewavasae
  • Temperature

    FishBase lists 21-24 °C; Seriously Fish (preferred for husbandry) agrees with legacy.

    Seriously Fish: Labeotropheus trewavasae
  • pH

    Legacy range falls inside Seriously Fish 7.6-8.8.

    Seriously Fish: Labeotropheus trewavasae
  • Hardnesscorrected

    Legacy had no hardness. FishBase lists dH 5-12.

    Seriously Fish: Labeotropheus trewavasae
  • Smallest tankcorrected

    Seriously Fish base 90 x 45 cm; 90 x 45 x 38 cm ≈ 154 L. Legacy 250 L is more than the source minimum (its breeding section suggests a 48" tank).

    Seriously Fish: Labeotropheus trewavasae
  • Group sizecorrected

    One male with at least 3 females = 4 fish. Legacy 5 is also fine but not a sourced minimum.

    Seriously Fish: Labeotropheus trewavasae
  • Temperament

    Very aggressive towards its own kind (Seriously Fish).

    Seriously Fish: Labeotropheus trewavasae
  • Care level

    Seriously Fish difficulty 4 of 8; legacy care 2.

    Seriously Fish: Labeotropheus trewavasae
  • Where it livescorrected

    Legacy had no native range.

    Seriously Fish: Labeotropheus trewavasae
  • Male or femalecorrected

    Legacy relied on colour only; the reliable sourced sign is egg spots. Orange-blotched female colour not confirmed in a fetched source.

    Seriously Fish: Labeotropheus trewavasae
  • BreedingSeriously Fish: Labeotropheus trewavasae
  • Eggs and youngcorrected

    Legacy said 10-30 eggs.

    Seriously Fish: Labeotropheus trewavasae
  • Story

    FishBase: scrapes algae off rocks and also eats small crustaceans and worms. IUCN: Least Concern (2018).

    Seriously Fish: Labeotropheus trewavasae · FishBase: Labeotropheus trewavasae summary