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Encyclopedia / Oddballs & Predators / Jardini arowana
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Variations

1 kinds · tap one for a closer look

Jardini arowana

Scleropages jardinii · Australian spotted arowana, Northern saratoga, Gulf saratoga

A territorial jumping predator that tolerates only very large tankmates.

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· real AED shop prices, never conversions
100 cmBody length, without tail ✓
24–29 °CTemperature ✓
6.8–7.5pH ✓
648 LSmallest tank ✓
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This one is best kept on its own, or with its own kind.

✕Not recommended
  • Jardini arowana should be kept without other species.
  • Only a narrow temperature range suits both: 24–25 °C.
✕Not recommended
  • Jardini arowana should be kept without other species.
  • Only a narrow pH range suits both: 6.8–7.
✕Not recommended
  • Jardini arowana should be kept without other species.
Facts checked against sources on 16 Oct 2026. ✓ means a source backs it; ? means no reliable source yet. See sources

Care and water

Hardness ✓8–15 dGH
Group size ✓Can live alone
Temperament ✓Aggressive
Swims at ✓Top
Care level ✓Moderate
Diet Carnivore
Lifespan ?Unknown
Size in shops 10–18 cm
Growth Fast

Behavior

A territorial jumping predator that tolerates only very large tankmates. Keep alone or with big robust fish.

Food

Pellets, prawns, large insects and earthworms.

Tap a food to see what it is.

Male or female

MaleSlimmer, longer jaw
FemaleDeeper body
TipNeeds ultrasound or DNA
How hard to tellHard

Health

Common problems. Tap one to see the signs. This is a guide, not a diagnosis.

Breeding

Mouthbrooder (female) ·

A maternal mouthbrooder: the female, not the male, carries the eggs and later recalls the free-swimming fry into her mouth when danger threatens. Spawns before the wet season as surface water nears 30 °C. Rarely bred in aquaria but produced in large numbers in outdoor earth ponds on Far-Eastern fish farms.

Pairing

Group of juveniles grown together; pairs form over several years.

Setup

A very large pond or tank with a lid and strong filtration.

What starts it

A warm-season rise in water temperature.

Eggs

About 30-130 eggs per female. The female carries them; they hatch in 1-2 weeks and the larvae stay in or near her mouth for another 4-5 weeks, feeding from 2-3 cm and becoming independent at 3.5-4 cm.

Raising the fry

Fry are fed live foods then pellets.

Common mistakes
  • Poor water quality
  • No lid
Full breeding guide, day-by-day plan and simulator →

Where it lives in the wild

West African rainforest streamsRainbowfish riversLoading the map…
Native range (rough area)Centre of the rangePlaces on the World Map
RegionNorthern Australia and southern New Guinea
Rivers and lakesRivers of Northern Territory, Cape York and southern New Guinea
HabitatSlow rivers, lagoons and swamps
Native rangeAbout 1,500 km across
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The story of the jardini arowana

A bonytongue from northern Australia and New Guinea, with a bronze base colour, smaller scales and duller patterning than the Asian arowana. It is an important food and game fish locally and farmed for the aquarium trade, though less sought after than the Asian species and not considered at risk (IUCN Least Concern). It is reputed to be the most aggressive arowana in aquaria.

William Saville-Kent described this arowana in 1892 as Osteoglossum jardinii. It is one of two Australian arowanas, known locally as saratoga. Females brood eggs in their mouths.

First described by William Saville-Kent in 1892.

  • It is called the northern saratoga in Australia.
  • It is a mouthbrooder.
  • Its scales have red or pink spots.

Sources

16 facts checked with sources

  • Scientific name

    Known in Australia as gulf saratoga or northern spotted barramundi. Pusey et al. (2016, Zootaxa 4173) argue the type material of S. leichardti probably came from within the range of S. jardinii, so names in the genus may change pending revision.

    FishBase: Scleropages jardinii summary
  • Familycorrected

    Legacy has no family.

    FishBase: Scleropages jardinii summary
  • Sizecorrected

    SL. FishBase 100 cm SL (common 55 cm SL); Seriously Fish 90 cm SL. Larger well-sourced figure used per size rule; most adults are much smaller.

    FishBase: Scleropages jardinii summary · Seriously Fish: Scleropages jardinii (Australian arowana)
  • Temperaturecorrected

    FishBase gives no usable range ("? - 15°C" appears to be an error).

    Seriously Fish: Scleropages jardinii (Australian arowana)
  • pHcorrectedSeriously Fish: Scleropages jardinii (Australian arowana)
  • Hardnesscorrected

    Legacy has no hardness. Quick-facts box says "not recorded" but the text gives 8-15.

    Seriously Fish: Scleropages jardinii (Australian arowana)
  • Smallest tankcorrected

    180 x 60 x 60 cm = 648 L, stated by Seriously Fish as the absolute minimum. Legacy 1,500 L is more generous (and arguably better).

    Seriously Fish: Scleropages jardinii (Australian arowana)
  • Group size

    Groups of 6-10 only in very large setups.

    Seriously Fish: Scleropages jardinii (Australian arowana)
  • TemperamentSeriously Fish: Scleropages jardinii (Australian arowana)
  • Swimming levelFishBase: Scleropages jardinii summary
  • Care levelcorrected

    Seriously Fish rates it moderate; it still needs a very large tank and heavy lid.

    Seriously Fish: Scleropages jardinii (Australian arowana)
  • Where it livescorrected

    Legacy has no range field.

    FishBase: Scleropages jardinii summary · Seriously Fish: Scleropages jardinii (Australian arowana)
  • Male or female

    Seriously Fish has no sexing data; legacy cues not confirmed.

    Seriously Fish: Scleropages jardinii (Australian arowana)
  • Breedingcorrected

    Legacy breeding type says "mouthbrooder (male)"; it is the female that broods.

    Seriously Fish: Scleropages jardinii (Australian arowana) · FishBase: Scleropages jardinii summary
  • Eggs and youngcorrected

    Female, not male, broods; total brooding about 5-7 weeks matches legacy.

    FishBase: Scleropages jardinii summary
  • Storycorrected

    "Popular" softened: Seriously Fish says it is less desirable than Asian arowanas. Spot colour not checked in a source. No traits.legal: legacy "check local export and invasive laws" is generic advice and no specific rule was found.

    Seriously Fish: Scleropages jardinii (Australian arowana) · FishBase: Scleropages jardinii summary